I really wish that Epstein(real unfortunate name) cited some actual peer-reviewed research papers. Otherwise this “research” paper is just a vibes based analysis without a works cited.

Third parties are represented by the elevator that does not work.

Not to mention that supply and demand is not an invisible hand that knows no bias. Since the capitalist controls supply they will ensure that there is artificial scarcity in order to increase profits without increasing the cost to obtain the commodity. The increase in scarcity also directly increases the depression of the labourers’ wages.

That’s why I thought it was odd that he did not talk about capitalism and its relationship to colonialism. Since Marx stated in his letters to Engels that the English working class would never achieve liberation without decoupling itself from Irish exploitation.

Is there any particular reason that Marx did not mention potential reasons for the capitalist in the USA paying greater average wages compared to the British capitalist? Such as gathering labor aristocrat allies against the labor underclasses[slaves and certain foreigners]? Especially since this was published in 1865.